Heading control strategy assessment for coaxial compound helicopters

The coaxial compound helicopter has two possible strategies for heading control: collective differential and rudder deflection. A flight dynamics model is developed to assess the effect of different heading control strategies. This includes the trim characteristics, steady flight performance,controllability, and manoeuvrability. The trim study demonstrates that heading control strategies are less influential on trim results, and the steady flight performance is also not significantly affected by the heading control strategy adopted. The controllability analysis shows although heading bandwidth and phase delay results at various speeds with different heading control strategies are all satisfied, the control derivative of the collective differential decreases as speed increases, and its heading aggressive agility is degraded into Level 3 in high-speed flight. In addition, using collective differential would lead to severe heading-rolling coupling as forward speed increases. On the contrary, the control derivative and aggressive agility of the rudder deflection is improved with forward speed, and there is no evidence of heading-rolling coupling. Finally, the transient turn MissionTask-Element(MTE) is utilized to investigate the heading manoeuvre characteristics in different heading control strategies, which indicates that the collective differential would add the amplitude of control input and the power consumption during this MTE.     

卫星能源约束检查模型改进及仿真

卫星能源约束检查模型对卫星任务规划有重要参考作用,可防止因能源不足而导致卫星故障或任务不能顺利完成。现有的能源约束检查模型存在部分问题:人为设定计算初始值,导致计算不准确;能源约束检查不通过时未给出符合能源约束的任务调整建议,导致任务不能快速调整;未对计算误差进行校正,导致误差积累。对此,提出了一种改进的能源约束检查模型,在原有模型中加入能源数据库对卫星运行的能源数据进行记录,从而准确获取初始值,并在模型中加入任务调整和遥测校正功能。该模型可实现能源约束计算自动管理及任务自动调整功能,缩短任务规划周期,提升紧急任务的执行效率。对改进的模型进行仿真,结果表明:模型预测结果与预期值相符,任务调整和能源校正功能实现良好,能实际应用到运控系统中进行规划任务能源约束检查和能源管理。     

酚醛树脂热解产物高温燃烧详细化学反应机理简化

针对流动/酚醛树脂热解产物燃烧耦合数值模拟过程中使用详细化学反应机理带来的数值刚性问题,以保证计算精度要求,对酚醛树脂热解产物详细化学反应动力学模型进行简化研究。选取Chemkin-Pro中的良搅拌反应模型,对由53种组分325个基元反应组成的甲烷掺氢气详细化学反应动力学机理进行了敏感性分析和生产速率分析,得到包含15种组分15个基元反应的简化机理。结果表明:简化化学动力学模型能充分地再现详细基元反应模型的反应机理的主要特征,大幅缩短计算时间,进而用于高超声速条件下酚醛树脂热解产物引射及其对边界层扰动的计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)中。     

在片校准标准件基底边界条件影响

通过分析国内外校准标准件物理边界条件，研究不同校准基底的物理边界条件对共面波导（CPW）传输线特性和校准准确度的影响。研制了W波段砷化镓衬底的多线TRL在片校准标准件，将在片校准标准件分别放置在金属卡盘、玻璃片、吸波材料三种校准基底上。用三种不同校准基底的校准标准件对试验装置校准后，分别提取了CPW传输线的衰减常数、相对介电常数和特征阻抗，并对商用校准标准件104-783A的短路标准和传输线标准进行了测试，验证了结果的合理性。     

一种高斯型ASE光源研究

简单介绍了掺铒光纤的光放大原理,分析了四种ASE光源的光路结构。针对双通前向结构,设计了一种适用高精度光纤陀螺仪的高斯型ASE光源,并进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,掺铒光纤的掺杂浓度、光纤长度都对ASE光源的输出特性具有很大的影响。此外,根据试验结论,研制出高斯型ASE光源,其性能稳定,已在多个高精度光纤陀螺仪型号上实现了实际应用,并取得了良好的效果。     

边界层抽吸对超燃冲压发动机流场特性的影响研究

为了解边界层抽吸对超燃冲压发动机流场的影响,采用风洞试验和数值计算对隔离段激波串特性以及燃烧室燃烧特性进行了研究。结果表明,在发动机入口马赫数2.0,总温950K,总压0.82MPa的来流条件下,当量比为0.18先锋氢气与不同当量比煤油共同燃烧呈不稳定状态,激波串在隔离段内前后振荡传播。当煤油当量比为0.29时,激波串振荡前缘远离抽吸位置,边界层抽吸对发动机流场基本没有影响。随着煤油当量比逐渐增大,激波串前缘位置到达抽吸区附近,边界层抽吸开始产生影响,改变了隔离段内的激波串动态演化过程、形态结构以及位置分布,同时有效提高了隔离段抗反压特性,使得煤油最大当量比可以由0.38增大至0.42。此外,边界层抽吸对发动机内的亚燃/超燃区域分布也会产生影响。     

Multi-objective Optimization of Differential Steering System of Electric Vehicle with Motorized Wheels

A differential steering system is presented for electric vehicle with motorized wheels and a dynamic model of three-freedom car is built. Based on these models, the quantitative expressions of the road feel, sensitivity, and operation stability of the steering are derived. Then, according to the features of multi-constrained optimization of multi-objective function, a multi-island genetic algorithm （MIGA） is designed. Taking the road feel and the sensi- tivity of the steering as optimization objectives and the operation stability of the steering as a constraint, the system parameters are optimized. The simulation results show that the system optimized with MIGA can improve the steering road feel, and guarantee the operation stability and steering sensibility.     

Focus Reflective Shock Wave Interaction with Flame

An experiment on deformation of flame under the effect of focusing shock wave reflection is performed with the help of multiple-spark camera to understand the flame instability of the deformation process. Methane and oxygen are mixed stoichiometrically to be used in the experiment. Based on Navier-Strokes equations, two-dimen- sional axisymmetric elementary reactions are numerically simulated. And the simulation results are solved by opti- cal calculation. Shaded pictures by simulation fit well with experimental photos. Focusing reflecton shock waves can affect the flame, which accelerates the deformation of flame and renders violent burning in high-energy flam- mable gases behind waves. Therefore anticlockwise whirlpool appears. It clusters around the external surface of flame and has a tendency to develop toward the right. Finally, the whirlpool focuses on the right side of the flame, which involves the fresh unfired gases into the whirlpool circle, and consequently the head of mushroom cloud is formed. Meanwhile, when shock wave passes through the flame, the intensity of the shock waves on the axis is strengthened.     

Numerical study on flow fields and aerodynamics of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode based on embedded grid and actuator model

A method combining rotor actuator disk model and embedded grid technique is presented in this paper, aimed at predicting the flow fields and aerodynamic characteristics of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode more efficiently and effectively. In this method, rotor's influence is considered in terms of the momentum it impacts to the fluid around it; transformation matrixes among different coordinate systems are deduced to extend actuator method's utility to conversion mode flow fields' calculation. Meanwhile, an embedded grid system is designed, in which grids generated around fuselage and actuator disk are regarded as background grid and minor grid respectively, and a new method is presented for ‘donor searching' and ‘hole cutting' during grid assembling. Based on the above methods, flow fields of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode are simulated, with threedimensional Navier–Stokes equations discretized by a second-order upwind finite-volume scheme and an implicit lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel(LU-SGS) time-stepping scheme. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed CFD method is very effective in simulating the conversion mode flow fields of tilt rotor aircraft.